A plot between the angle of deviation (δ) and angle of incidence (i) for triangular prism is shown below. Explain any given value of ‘δ’ corresponds to two values of angle of incidence? State the significance of point P on the graph. Use this information to derive an expression for refractive index of the material of the prism.


In general, any given value of 8, except for i = e corresponds to two values i and e. This, in fact, is expected from the symmetry of i and e as δ = i + e – A, i.e., δ remains the same if i and e are interchanged.

In general, any given value of 8, except for i = e corresponds to two
Fig.(a)
Point P is the point of minimum deviation. This is related to the fact that the path of the ray as shown in Fig (b) can be traced back resulting in the same angle of deviation. At the minimum deviation Dm, the refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to the base.
For   δ = Dm,
i = e
and                       straight r subscript 1 space equals space straight r subscript 2 space equals space straight r
or                           2 straight r space equals space straight A
or                             straight r space equals space straight A divided by 2
In the same way
                                straight D subscript straight m space equals space 2 straight i space minus space straight A
or                             straight i space equals space fraction numerator straight A plus straight D subscript straight m over denominator 2 end fraction

In general, any given value of 8, except for i = e corresponds to two
∴ The refractive index of the prism is
box enclose straight mu space equals fraction numerator sin space left parenthesis straight A plus straight D subscript straight m right parenthesis over denominator sinA divided by 2 end fraction. end enclose


712 Views

How does the fringe width of interference fringes change, when the whole apparatus of Young's experiment is kept in a liquid of refractive index 1.13?

Fringe width is directly proportional to wavelength and inversely proportional to refractive index.  

The formula is given by, 

In air, Fringe width, x = Dλd 

In medium, Fringe width, x = μd
where,
d is the distance between the slits and, 
D is the distance between the screen and the slit. 

Therefore, fringe width decreases by a factor of μ (1.33) when placed in the liquid. 



474 Views

A 5 cm long needle is placed 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 40 cm. Find the position, nature and size of image of the needle. What happens to the size of the image when the needle is moved further away from the mirror?


Given,
Length of the needle = 5 cm
Distance of object from the convex mirror, u = -10 cm
Focal length, f = 40 cm 

Using the mirror formula, 

                  1f =1v+1u1v =1f-1u      = 140-1-10       =1+440       =540 
 
                v = 405    =8 cm.  

Now, magnification, m = -vu 

When needle moves further away from the convex mirror, the image moves further behind the mirror towards the focus and size of the image decreases. When it is far off, it appears almost as a point image of the object.
1245 Views

A luminescent object is placed at a depth of ‘d’ in a (optically) denser medium of refractive index ‘μ’. Prove that radius r of the base of the cone of light, from the object, that can emerge out from the surface is r = dμ2-1.

Cone of light is formed due to total internal reflection.
∴ For TIR,
                     sin space straight i subscript straight c space equals space 1 over straight mu
also from the figure tan space straight i subscript straight c space equals space straight r over straight d
therefore                       fraction numerator sin space straight i subscript straight c over denominator square root of 1 minus sin squared straight i subscript straight c end root end fraction space equals space straight r over straight d
rightwards double arrow                                    straight r space equals space fraction numerator straight d over denominator square root of straight mu squared minus 1 end root end fraction.

Cone of light is formed due to total internal reflection.∴ For TIR,
615 Views

Advertisement

An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. On the other side of the lens, a convex mirror is placed such that its distance, from the lens, equals the focal length of the lens. The image formed by this combination is observed to coincide with the object itself. Find the focal length of the convex mirror.


In the case of convex lens

Object distance, u = -15 cm
Focal length, f = 10 cm 

Now, using the lens formula, 

                   1f = 1v-1u

                   1v = 1f+1u 
                        = 110+1-15

                         = 3-230 =130 

i.e., the image is formed at a distance of 30 cm. 

For convex mirror,

Object distance, u = 30 - 10 = 20 cm 
Image distance, v = 10 + 15 = 25 cm 

Now, using mirror formula,

               1f = 1v+1u 

                    = 125+1-20 

                    = 4-5100=-1100
i.e.,            f = -100 cm. 

Therefore, focal length of the convex mirror is 100 cm. 

2389 Views

Advertisement
Advertisement